中國第三艘航空母艦「福建號」(Type 003 Fujian)於2022年下水,並開始進行海上測試,代表了解放軍對第一島鏈所施加的軍事壓力達到新高。美、中兩強的海上競爭進入白熱化,亦引發對兩國航艦作戰能力的分析與比較。 正如同「垂直發射系統」(Vertical Launch System, VLS)的發射單位元數量,在評估驅逐艦與潛艦等戰鬥艦艇作戰能力上的角色;作為投射空中武力的海上平台,衡量航空母艦作戰能力最關鍵的指標之一,即「艦載機出擊架次率」(Sortie Generation Rate, SGR)。 以美海軍為例,不僅航艦打擊群(Carrier Strike Group)指揮官需要參照SGR來擬定每趟任務的作戰與後勤整補計畫;海軍也經常以最新技術將為新建造的航艦提升多少比例的出擊架次率,作為向國會爭取預算之說帖。
因此,本文先建立計算「艦載機出擊架次率」的數學模型,並選擇美海軍演習的實際數據為基準案(Baseline),透過數值計算軟體MATLAB進行隨機模擬。[4]若本文建立的數學模型所得之數據與基準案之間沒有統計上的顯著差異,再進一步對「福建號」進行模擬,比較美、中航艦在出擊架次率上的不同。本文試圖建立單艘航艦艦載機最大出擊能量的分析模型,作為後續相關研究之基礎。
註釋
[1] Kyle Mizokami,"China Confirms It’s Building a 4th Aircraft Carrier—and the Tables Are Turning,"Popular Mechanics, Mar 12, 2024, https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a60116121/china-building-a-4th-aircraft-carrier; Brandon J. Weichert, “China's New Aircraft Carriers Have a 'Sizeable Edge' over U.S. Navy for 1 Reason,” National Interests, September 5, 2024, https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/chinas-new-aircraft-carriers-have-sizeable-edge-over-us-navy-1-reason-209948; Sam Roggeveen, “Chinese aircraft carrier's voyage hints at plan for 'post-U.S.' navy,” Nikkei, May 17, 2024, https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/Chinese-aircraft-carrier-s-voyage-hints-at-plan-for-post-U.S.-navy.
[2] Aidan Quigley, “Downey confident Ford can meet sortie-generation rate requirement,” Inside Defense, January 24, 2022, https://insidedefense.com/daily-news/downey-confident-ford-can-meet-sortie-generation-rate-requirement; Loren Thompson, “The Logic of Aircraft Carrier Strike Groups,” Lexington Institute, September 2019, https://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Brief-The-Logic-of-Aircraft-Carrier-Strike-Groups2.pdf.
[3] Admiral S. J. Paparo, “Aircraft Carriers: Still Indispensable,” USNI Proceedings, July 2024, https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2024/july/aircraft-carriers-still-indispensable.
[4] MATLAB為The Math Works所開發的程式語言,可用於演算法開發、數值模擬計算與資料分析。本院War Room引進的版本為R2023b。